Sun protection is about UV—not only hot days

Temperature and ultraviolet exposure are different

Ultraviolet, or UV, radiation comes from the sun and artificial sources such as tanning beds. It can damage skin cells and contribute to skin cancer. A cool breeze or cloud cover does not remove UV exposure, and rays can reflect from water, sand, concrete and other surfaces.

The local UV Index describes the expected strength of UV radiation at the earth's surface. It can be a more useful planning tool than temperature alone. Exposure also depends on time of day, altitude, surroundings, duration and the protection being used.

Use layers instead of relying on one product

Shade, clothing that covers the skin, a wide-brimmed hat and sunglasses that block UVA and UVB rays can reduce exposure. Broad-spectrum sunscreen adds protection for exposed areas, but it is not a shield that makes unlimited sun exposure safe. Coverage, application amount, missed areas and reapplication all affect performance.

Indoor tanning exposes skin to intense UV radiation and does not create a healthy or protective base tan. Any tan after UV exposure is a sign that the skin has responded to injury. Sun protection matters across skin tones, even though the likelihood and appearance of sunburn and skin cancer can differ.

• Check the local UV Index when planning outdoor time.
• Combine shade, clothing, a hat, sunglasses and sunscreen.
• Remember ears, the back of the neck, hands and feet.
• Avoid tanning beds and sunlamps.

Notice change rather than trying to diagnose it

A new or changing mole, a spot that repeatedly bleeds, or a sore that does not heal should be shown to a healthcare professional. Many skin changes are not cancer, and photographs or checklists cannot replace an examination when a change is concerning.

This guide is general education, not a skin-cancer diagnosis or an individualized sunscreen recommendation. Skin conditions, allergies, medicines, age and occupational exposure can change what is suitable. A qualified professional can assess a lesion and discuss personal risk.